❌

Visualização de leitura

AI Can’t Judge Your Paper: EU Updates Guidelines on Peer Review and AI Agents

generative AI in research

AI agents can now run sequences of research tasks with little human input. The question is who answers for the results. The European Commission has published the fourth version of its ERA Living Guidelines on the responsible use of generative AI in research, and its answer is clear: researchers remain accountable, no matter how much work they hand to an AI agent.

Published on 15 October 2026, this is the most comprehensive update since the guidelines first appeared in March 2024. It adds guidance on agentic AI and expands advice on AI use in peer review and proposal evaluation. The previous revision came in May 2026.

What Changes for Generative AI in Research

The biggest addition covers agentic AI, systems that can pursue complex goals and act with some degree of autonomy. The guidelines state that using AI agents may never be treated as a delegation of control or responsibility.

Researchers are asked to build checkpoints into agent-driven work so that critical decisions, such as methodological choices, are validated by humans. Any hypothesis generated, data processed or conclusion drawn by an AI agent requires human validation. The document also warns that researchers are not exempt from legal responsibility because an agent acted on their behalf.

The guidelines repeat that AI systems cannot be authors, co-authors or owners of research, since authorship implies agency and responsibility.

New Rules of Thumb on AI Disclosure

On AI disclosure, the guidelines draw a clearer line. Researchers should disclose AI tools used substantially, such as for literature reviews, identifying research gaps, developing hypotheses or interpreting data. Minor uses like spellchecking, grammar correction or formatting generally do not need disclosure. In case of doubt, disclosure is advised.

Researchers are also asked to consider that generative AI can produce different outputs from the same input, which may affect reproducibility. Authors decide whether prompts, logs and model versions should be kept or shared.

The document notes that a global reporting standard for AI disclosure is being developed at the World Conference on Research Integrity 2026 in Vancouver, which will inform future versions.

Peer Review and Hidden Prompts in Generative AI in Research

The guidelines say peer review remains a fundamentally human process. AI should not be used to assess novelty, originality, significance or whether a manuscript should be accepted or rejected. Confidentiality is described as non-negotiable, and unpublished material should not be uploaded to tools that cannot guarantee it won’t be used for training.

For funding bodies, the update flags a new risk: hidden prompts. These are instructions secretly embedded in documents, through invisible text, formatting tricks or metadata, designed to steer an AI tool toward a more favourable assessment. Funders are advised to set clear rules prohibiting such manipulation and add safeguards in the IT systems that process applications.

The guidelines also note that AI-polished proposals are increasing application volumes and overloading evaluators, and suggest the evaluation process may need to be redesigned to be more AI-resilient.

Security and Confidentiality Remain Central

Research organisations are encouraged to deploy locally hosted or self-governed AI tools so staff can work with scientific data while protecting confidentiality and research security. They are also told to ensure appropriate cybersecurity for these systems, especially those connected to the internet.

The document identifies systemic risks too, including dependence on proprietary AI systems and the concentration of AI capabilities and infrastructure outside the EU.

Non-Binding, but Built on Research Integrity

The guidelines are non-binding and do not replace existing laws or institutional rules. They rest on four principles: consider whether AI is the right tool, accountability stays with researchers and institutions, confidentiality is non-negotiable, and transparency builds trust. These draw on established research integrity frameworks, including the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity.

The guidelines were developed with countries and stakeholders across the European Research Area. The next revision is planned for the third quarter of 2027, and an open feedback process remains available for contributions.

Cloudflare
Verify you are human
loading
Checking your browser before accessing this site.
Click to verify →
Then you will be redirected to the requested content.
Ray ID: 8f3a2c1b9d4e5f6a · Performance & security by Cloudflare

site-verification-ok

Children Under 13 Could Be Barred From Social Media Under New EU Plan

EU KIDS Act

The European Commission has adopted the EU KIDS Act, a proposal that would introduce new age restrictions and safety requirements for online platforms used by children across the European Union. The proposal would prevent social media platforms from allowing children under 13 to access their services and establish an EU-wide minimum age of 15 for minors to open accounts independently.

The EU KIDS Act would also shift the burden of proof to online service providers, requiring them to demonstrate that their services are safe by design and appropriate for younger users.

Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said the proposal is intended to give parents greater control over how children use digital services.

“Today, our children are engaging with the most sophisticated technologies ever created. Technology that was never created with their wellbeing in mind. Our KIDS Act is reversing the burden of proof - it is for platforms to show they are safe by design. And we put parents back in the driving seat, giving them the tools to help their children navigate a safer online world,” von der Leyen said.

EU KIDS Act Sets New Social Media Age Limits

Under the EU KIDS Act, children between 13 and under 15 would not be able to create autonomous social media accounts. Instead, they could use mini accounts managed through a parent or guardian's account, with access limited to age-appropriate social media and video-sharing services.

These mini accounts would include safeguards such as restricted social contacts and screen time of up to one hour per day.

Children between 3 and under 13 would not be permitted to access social media. They could, however, use specially designed child-friendly video-sharing services through guardian-managed accounts. Parents would also receive tools to restrict an adult device to those services when it is given to a child, with exposure limited to a maximum of one hour per day.

Safety-by-Design Rules Target Addictive Features

The proposal would introduce safety-by-design obligations for online services offering social media, video sharing, online video games, AI companions and chatbots to users under 18.

The proposed rules would prohibit addictive features and profiling-based recommendation feeds that can draw minors toward harmful content. Infinite scrolling without stopping points, reward mechanisms and push notifications during sleeping hours would also be restricted.

The proposal would further prohibit unsolicited contact from strangers. AI companions and chatbots would have to be turned off by default and could not simulate interpersonal relationships in ways that create emotional dependency.

Minor profiles would be private by default, while geolocation, camera and microphone access would be turned off. Platforms would also need to provide tools allowing minors to block or mute users, manage their time and control, tune and reset recommender systems.

Privacy-Preserving Age Assurance Proposed

The EU KIDS Act would require online services and app stores to use age assurance tools. The proposal points to the EU age verification app as one possible approach, with the system designed not to retain identity documents or biometric data.

Social media and video-sharing platforms would be expected to perform age verification when users create new accounts. For existing accounts, providers would estimate a user's age using reasonable indicators, such as the account creation date or credit card details.

EU Plans Faster Enforcement

The proposal would require very large online platforms to prove that their services are safe by design. Providers would submit compliance plans to the European Commission and an independent auditor, which would assess new services, features or functionalities.

If the Commission identifies shortcomings based on an auditor's report, it could require providers to propose corrective measures. The enforcement framework would build on existing structures under the Digital Services Act and Artificial Intelligence Act.

For noncompliance, the proposal includes expedited enforcement procedures under which the Commission should conclude investigations within 90 days.

Henna Virkkunen, Executive Vice-President for Tech Sovereignty, Security and Democracy, said the proposal would allow children to use digital services while increasing safeguards and accountability for platforms.

“With our EU KIDS Act, we make sure our children can enjoy their rights online - to learn, stay connected and explore. We also give parents the tools to accompany their kids to navigate a safe digital world. All of this by keeping the pressure high on platforms, because they must prove their services do not harm,” Virkkunen said.

EU KIDS Act Moves to Parliament and Council

The legislative proposal has now been submitted to the European Parliament and the Council for examination and adoption.

The proposal follows recommendations from the European Commission's Special Panel on Child Safety Online, which included more than 60 experts from areas including civil society, education, public health, child psychiatry and technology.

The Commission said public support for stronger online protections is also growing. According to the 2026 Special Eurobarometer on the Digital Decade, 92% of Europeans consider strengthening protection for children and young people online a top policy priority.

❌