Unit 42 explores modern OAuth threats and actionable steps organizations can take to protect their environments.

The post The Current Landscape of OAuth Attacks appeared first on Unit 42.

The FBI and the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) have issued a joint cybersecurity advisory warning organizations about FortiBleed, an active global credential-compromise campaign targeting internet-facing Fortinet FortiGate firewalls and SSL VPN gateways. The advisory, published on October 6, 2026, cites SOCRadar data verifying more than 86,644 compromised devices across 194 countries.

According to the advisory, the campaign exploits reused or leaked credentials and legacy SHA-256 password storage, allowing threat actors to harvest and crack authentication data at scale. Attackers continue to scan exposed Fortinet firewalls using previously obtained credentials, and some affected organizations have been locked out of their own systems.

How the FortiBleed Attack Chain Works

The operation's internal workflow came to light after the threat actors unintentionally exposed their own backend server. The open directory revealed a mature, multi-stage campaign run as an initial access broker operation.

Attackers first scanned the internet for exposed FortiGate SSL VPN portals using automated scripts. They then gathered credentials through credential stuffing and password spraying, drawing on prior Fortinet leak dumps and infostealer logs.

Password hashes taken from compromised devices were exfiltrated and fed into a GPU-accelerated cracking cluster running on rented infrastructure, where Hashcat and Hashtopolis ran distributed jobs to convert stolen data into plaintext credentials.

[caption id="attachment_114628" align="aligncenter" width="800"] Source: FBI[/caption]

Cracked credentials were then validated, with scripts filtering out honeypots, mapping organizations and ranking high-value targets by revenue and network structure. Attackers created new administrative accounts on firewalls to maintain persistence, then moved into victim networks to enumerate Active Directory and identify privileged accounts. The final stage involved selling access, including working VPN configurations and target lists, to downstream threat actors.

FortiBleed Lockouts and Ransomware Links

The advisory warns that victims may lose access to their Fortinet devices if attackers delete original accounts or change their passwords. In certain cases, threat actors removed existing accounts to block organizations from their devices while attempting lateral movement. Recovery may require steps beyond standard patching and password resets.

Reporting also indicates that initial access brokers using the FortiBleed attack chain have supplied access to ransomware affiliates, currently including INC/Lynx ransomware and Payload ransomware.

FortiBleed Indicators of Compromise

The agencies released indicators of compromise (IOCs) to help defenders review their environments. IP address 45.154.12.132 was observed as a command and control server, while 154.202.59.169 and 103.27.186.156 served as proxy nodes and 45.155.250.158 functioned as a beacon relay. The address 85.11.187.8 was linked to the Hashtopolis tool. The advisory also lists 13 IP addresses observed between June 18 and July 23, 2026, conducting brute force attacks or authenticating with compromised accounts.

Account names found on victim systems include adminin, fortiAdmin, forticloud-sync, fgtsecure, adminsslvpn, itadmin and roadmin. The agencies note that IP addresses may be reassigned over time and advise organizations to vet IOCs before acting on them.

Recommended Mitigations Against FortiBleed

The FBI and USSS recommend that organizations:

• Restrict external management through trusted hosts, a local-in policy, or by removing internet administration entirely.
• Terminate all active admin and VPN sessions and reset all Fortinet VPN and administrative passwords.
• Enforce phishing-resistant MFA on all remote access and administrative accounts.
• Review firewall and VPN configurations for unrecognized accounts and unauthorized changes.
• Check firewall, VPN, authentication and domain controller logs for unusual access.
• Use PBKDF2 to store administrator credentials and remove weaker legacy hashes, following Fortinet guidance for FortiOS v7.2.11 and later.
• Review all REST API keys, remove unknown ones and refresh legitimate keys.

Organizations that detect a compromise are urged to isolate affected hosts, scope the intrusion and report incidents to the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), a local FBI field office or a local USSS field office.

Trump Mobile data breach: BYOD leaks Trump Mobile customer data for 3,615 people, including Trump allies, via an infostealer and no MFA.

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Unit 42 details how attackers exploit enterprise collaboration tools for identity phishing and credential theft. Discover key defense strategies.

The post Identity Abuse Through Trusted Communication Channels appeared first on Unit 42.

A transformação digital tem revolucionado a medicina. Prontuários eletrônicos, equipamentos conectados à internet, sistemas integrados de gestão e plataformas de telemedicina tornaram os hospitais mais ágeis e eficientes. No entanto, essa rápida evolução trouxe consigo um desafio crítico: o aumento exponencial da vulnerabilidade a ataques cibernéticos.

Hoje, as instituições de saúde figuram entre os alvos mais visados por criminosos digitais. Além do alto valor comercial das informações armazenadas, que incluem dados pessoais, históricos médicos e registros financeiros, esses ambientes dependem da disponibilidade ininterrupta de seus sistemas para garantir a assistência à vida. Quando ocorre um incidente cibernético, os impactos vão muito além do vazamento de dados. A indisponibilidade tecnológica pode paralisar consultas, suspender cirurgias, adiar exames laboratoriais e até comprometer o funcionamento de dispositivos médicos essenciais.

Para Flavio Cruz, da Cyrex Security, empresa especializada em cibersegurança, o setor precisa tratar a proteção digital como um pilar estratégico de continuidade operacional. “Os hospitais estão hiperconectados e essa transformação trouxe ganhos inestimáveis para a qualidade da assistência. Porém, quanto maior a conectividade, maior é a superfície de ataque. Um incidente na saúde não representa apenas prejuízo financeiro; ele afeta diretamente a ponta do atendimento e coloca vidas em risco. Por isso, investir em prevenção, monitoramento contínuo e planos de resposta a incidentes deixou de ser uma demanda exclusiva da TI e passou a ser uma necessidade de governança corporativa”, afirma o executivo.

Para mitigar esses riscos, especialistas recomendam medidas fundamentais como a segmentação de redes hospitalares, a atualização constante de softwares, o uso de autenticação multifator (MFA) e a realização de backups isolados e protegidos. Contudo, o fator humano continua sendo decisivo: treinar e capacitar os colaboradores para identificar tentativas de fraude e engenharia social é indispensável, já que esta segue como uma das principais portas de entrada para invasões.

A necessidade de amadurecer a segurança digital é respaldada por dados globais contundentes. De acordo com o relatório Cost of a Data Breach 2025, da IBM, o segmento de saúde registrou o maior custo médio por incidente entre todos os setores analisados, atingindo a marca de US$ 7,42 milhões por violação de dados. Além disso, as organizações do setor levaram, em média, 279 dias para identificar e conter um ataque, um longo período em que operações críticas podem permanecer sob ameaça.

Outro levantamento da IBM, o X-Force Threat Intelligence Index 2025, aponta que 70% dos ataques atendidos por sua equipe de resposta a incidentes tiveram como alvo organizações de infraestrutura crítica, grupo no qual os hospitais estão inseridos. Em mais de um quarto dos casos, os invasores exploraram vulnerabilidades conhecidas que poderiam ter sido corrigidas, o que reforça a urgência de auditorias e correções constantes em equipamentos e aplicações.

No Brasil, o cenário é igualmente alarmante. Hospitais, clínicas e operadoras de saúde vêm sofrendo sucessivas tentativas de ransomware e sequestro de dados nos últimos anos. “Os dados mostram que a saúde virou uma prioridade para o crime organizado digital. Quando uma instituição para devido a um ataque, estamos falando de pacientes sem acesso ao próprio histórico clínico. A cibersegurança deve caminhar lado a lado com a segurança assistencial. Afinal, investir em prevenção custa muito menos do que remediar a paralisação de uma operação hospitalar”, conclui Flávio Cruz.

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In August 2026, the actor TheHatman claimed to have stolen large volume of credentials from organizations' Microsoft Entra tenants. We provide guidance on mitigating large-scale credential attacks.

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Build a layered security stack with identity network and device protection using MFA SSO VPN and endpoint tools to reduce cyber risks.

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In the hybrid work era, 80% of breaches stem from compromised credentials. Explore why identity-centric security and Zero Trust are now the "only perimeter that matters," and learn practical strategies for IAM, MFA, and automated governance to secure your modern workforce.

The post Identity-Centric Security Strategies for Hybrid Workforces  appeared first on Security Boulevard.